History of walmart

Wal-Mart business HISTORY Inc. can not be separated from the genius of Sam Walton. Because, in the hands of an alumnus of the University of Missouri, Columbia, this is the global retail octopus really meraksasa.

Starting from his experience working for many years in retail company Sears Robuck and JC Penney, Walton started his business step. He bought a franchise and lease in the Port of Ben Franklin, Arkansas, the sales network of local retailers Butler Brother in 1945.
It only took three years, Walton is able to increase annual sales from USD80.000 to USD-225 000. Business sense that genius has motivated Walton to further develop its business network. This was done when I purchased a shopping center owned retailer in the region Luther E Harrison Bentonville, Arkansas, five years later (1950).
Since then, Walton began to name the network of shopping center called Walton's 5 & 10. As a talented businessman, Walton really able to prove its capacity to take decisions that determine business. By doing so, Walton can increase the power expansion is evidenced Walton bisnisnya.Hal wheel when exactly in 1962, was able to establish 11 retail business networking.
Number of networking business grew in 1967, namely to 24 shopping centers throughout the state of Arkansas. This expansion contributed annual sales level of Walton's 5 & 10 to USD12, 6 million. To further strengthen the image of business networking, Walton change the name of Walton's 5 & 10 into Wal-Mart in 1967.
These changes can not be separated from the role Bob Gogle, the right hand Walton confidence in running its retail business. Gogle propose naming the belief that Walton's retail network will be able to become a strong retail business. Walton business expansion more massive when in 1968, Wal-Mart to expand its business network outside the state of Arkansas, the Sikeston, Missouri, and Claremore in the state of Oklahoma.
The expansion is to add business networking to 78 shopping centers shopping center starting in 1974. The development of further technology enough to help the expansion of Wal-Mart business. Because with computerization at the various shopping centers, Wal-Mart sales increased from USD167, 5 million to USD479 million.
In addition, the number of shopping centers also increased to 153 units. In fact, the numbers continue to rise rapidly to 330 shopping centers with sales of USD1, 2 billion in 1980. Spike in the number of Wal-Mart shopping centers increased more rapidly again in 1985 and 1990.
In each year, Wal-Mart shopping centers recorded a shopping center with a value of 1114 sales of $ 6, 4 billion and 1528 sales of department stores with a value of USD25, 8 billion. However, Wal-Mart's business history is not always rely on organic growth system, because non-organic business measures such as the acquisition becomes part of the history of its growth.
This step is for example, carried out by the first Wal-Mart when it acquired a network of retail shopping Mohr-Value is located in Michigan and Illinois. A year later, Hutcheson Shoe Company retail company also acquired. Acquisition policies continue to run Wal-Mart expansion as organically.
In 1980 for example, Wal-Mart re-acquisition of Kuhn's Big K, who has 92 shopping centers in two states, Georgia and South Carolina. But at the same time, Wal-Mart is also expanding into Florida market and Nebraska.
Selainitu, selainmenyediakan staple goods consumers, Wal-Mart also has done many innovative products provision of basic needs of consumers. In 1978 for instance, Wal-Mart's target market drug sales, car service centers, and jewelry goods.
This innovation continued when Wal-Mart also for the first time introduced the concept of Wal-Mart Supercenter in Washington, Missouri. This concept combines berdiskon shopping services, fuel sales centers, optical centers, studio painting, photography, banking services, cellular telephone, hair care and nail salons, video rental movies, and even snack food service outlets.
Wal-Mart's growth increasingly incredible. In 1989, Wal-Mart has been pretty dominate the market for consumer sales at nearly 26 U.S. states, including Michigan, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Even stepping on 1990, Wal-Mart also surging markets of California, Nevada, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Utah. Overseas markets are also targeted Wal-Mart.
Starting with the market entered Mexico with the opening of Wal-Mart stores in the area of ​​Mexico City in 1991. This continues with the opening of Wal-Mart stores in Hong Kong and Canada in 1994. In fact, to strengthen networking business, Wal-Mart acquired 122 stores and PACE Woolco who has 91 warehouse storage of goods from Kmart in Canada.
Business expansion abroad were intensified Wal-Mart.Pada 1995, Wal-Mart re-open net in the country pertokoannya Argentina and Brazil. So also in Asia by forming a joint venture with local retail company in 1998, after two years before Wal-Mart failed to enter the Korean retail market due to intense competition among retail companies.
Even when entering the UK in 1999, Wal-Mart's incredible enough to quickly dominate the market with the acquisition of ASDA Group Plc, which has 229 shopping centers. Slowly but surely, with outstanding business performance, Wal-Mart continues to crawl into a company that really menggurita.
Recognition of dominance continues to flow from various institutions, even the competitors themselves. In 2005 for example, Fortune magazine ranking puts Wal-Mart in the fifth position of the leading companies globally.
Even in 2003-2004, respectively, Wal-Mart occupies the top position of all firms in the U.S. who have a broad market averages in the entire world.
Wallmart: Sale day> 36 GDP Countries
"Praise is free but can generate earnings doubled", Sam Walton / Walmart Founder
Wallmart is saah of the largest companies in the world and certainly the largest retailer in the world. In 2007, they recorded a 1.9 million Personnel Officer Worldwide, made it as one of the largest companies in the world.
Sales wallmart within 1 (one) day exceeds the GDP (gross domestic income) from 36 countries. Wall mart sells everything from food, foodstuff, dvd, tv, electronic, computer, gadgets, from household appliances UP TO WEAPONS API.
TOTAL LOSS due to shoplifting (theft) is greater than the profit achieved by PORSCHE. Wall mart is China's trading partners all eight. Economists said the price - the price of a cheap walmart is the reason why America can control inflation remains low.
BUT, unlike many DotCom companies (IT, such as Yahoo, Google, Facebook, Kaskus too), which makes its founders became millionaires in a relatively short time, Sam Walton, founder of Walmart Opening his store to-2 after 7 years, and after 25 new year opened 38 stores. Mr. Sam / Sam Walton, unlike other miliader, is someone who enjoys the status of strangers, and enjoy a picnic for its employees entered the house, come morning - the morning and tea in the back of the store as regular employees.
Behind it looks like it, walmart is an innovator in technology, computer systems walmart is the SECOND largest in America after the Pentagon (aja imagine their computer systems).
Walmart currently operates approximately 6400 stores globally and in 2007 global sales were 384 BILLION DOLLARS Walmart. Or By EXCHANGE RATE USD. 10 Thousand per dollar equal to 3840 TRILLION (READ THE THREE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED FORTY TRILLION RUPIAH)
Try We Compare.
Sales in 2008 were AROUND THE SUN (approximate) 12 TRILLION Rupiah, Means Walmart sales = More Sales From 300x Sun
Indonesia Stock Exchange Capitalization Current ranges RP. 1000 trillion rupiah, meaning Sales Wall Mart Nearly 4x Bigger than the entire Indonesian Stock Exchange ..
Walmart Sales More than 2x INDONESIA DEBT
The Walmart You Could Imagine? Imagine your investment menggurita like Wal-Mart starts from the assets you have now with a brilliant idea in your head? Maybe you could end up as a PRESIDENT OF INDONESIA later in the period of your peers in retirement? You will not know until you try it! That is the fruit of the investment in the IDE ('something' that exists in your head)

Muara Takus history

Okay, to the visitors of my blog. This time I will provide information about historic places in my town. Read carefully yaa ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 

Muara Takus a Buddhist temple located in the village of Muara Takus, Kecamatan XIII Koto Kampar or the distance is approximately 135 kilometers from the city of Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia .. The distance between the temple complex is the center of the village of Muara Takus about 2.5 miles and not far from the edge of the Kampar River Right. This temple

complex is surrounded by a wall measuring 74 x 74 meters there is also the wall outside their area of ​​land measuring 1.5 x 1.5 kilometers surrounding this complex sampal to Kampar Kanan river. Within this complex of buildings there are old temples, temple and palace Young Stupa and Palangka. The temple made of sandstone, river stone and brick. According to the source host, bricks for this building was built in the village Pongkai, a village located on the downstream side of the temple complex.
 Former mining land for the bricks until recently regarded as a highly respected resident. To carry bricks to the temple, done in relay from hand to this tangan.Cerita although not yet definitely truth to the idea that the construction of the temple was a worked together and performed by people busy.Moreover, in this temple complex also discovered a mound which is estimated as the burning of human bones. Outside this complex there are also buildings (former) made of brick, which has not been established type buildings.Muara Takus Complex, the only relic of history that shaped temple in Riau. The temple that is Buddhistis this is proof pernahnya Buddhism flourished in this region some time agoNevertheless, archaeological experts can not determine exactly when this temple was founded. Opinions of experts about when the temple was founded diverse. Some say the eleventh century, some say the fourth century, seventh century, the ninth century, and so forth.Architectural building Muara Takus stupa itself is very unique because it is not found anywhere else in Indonesia. The form of this temple have in common with Buddhist stupa in Myanmar, stupas in Vietnam, Sri Lanka or the ancient stupa in India in the period of Ashoka, the stupa which have wheels and head ornaments a lion, similar to the statues found at Muara Takus complex. 

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Keroncong music history

Keroncong, this music is not so well known when compared with rock music, hip hop and others. but this music is music that comes from my country. I will give to you how this can arise keroncong in Indonesia. please read his article .............................

Keroncong is a type of Indonesian music which has historic links with the types of Portuguese music known as Fado. Keroncong originated from music played by the slaves and Portuguese officers from mainland India (Goa) and the Moluccas. An early form of music is called moresco.
Keroncong can be said came from Java Island of the 16th century when the Portuguese began to colonize in the southeast Asia region. At that time, the art of gamelan music popular all over the island of Java. Western musical instruments have been used to play folk songs including gamelan.This adjustment process takes a long time. The result is a perfect art keroncong music at the end of the 19th century. Yet this form of music keroncong change from time to during.

 keroncong with gamelan music has some similar aspects such manner and form of the melody. Gamelan music is played in a regular, but music can be added following keroncong feeling the players. Tools melodies and forms of voice used in keroncong well as more offerings.Keroncong musical instrument is violin, flute, guitar, cello, double-bass, cak, keroncongHawaii, akordian or vibrofon. even add other tools like guitar toolKeroncong music evolved into Malaysia from the arrival of the Javanese in the early 20th century. Among the Baba and Nyonya, keroncong song very popular. In Indonesia, many Chinese are interested in the song keroncong exist even among those who became famous creators.In the fifties, in the land of his trademark in Johor Johor Bahru has appeared several keroncong music collection as 'Eastern Sound Orchestra Keroncong' in Kampung Stulang Army, 'Pepat Keroncong Party' in Kampung moorings and Mohd. Amin Johor Bahru, and 'Rose Puteh Keroncong Party' in Kampung Chik Heng Ngee Ami who diketui by Encik Omar bin Abu Samah.At that time, keroncong music usually sung at the party. Now keroncong have begun to exchange patterns, according to the circulation time and taste, especially the way with some.
 One of the leaders of Indonesia, which had a role in spreading the music keroncong is the father Gesang. He came from the city of Surakarta, Solo. He received compensation from the Japanese government every year since successfully introducing keroncong music there. One of the most famous song is Solo. Because of that dedication, by Gesang nicknamed "Crocodile keroncong" by human keroncong Indonesia, the designation or title to the music experts keroncong.The origin of this title range in his songs, Solo. Solo is the name of the river which is in the region of Surakarta. As is known, has a crocodile in the swamp and river habitat. Largest reptile in the habitat was almost unbeatable, because it becomes a vicious predator. Now about the underlying supposition that sort of thing is why Gesang referred to as the "Crocodile Keroncong"

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Motorcycle history

Many people use motorcycles as transportation vehicles. Anywhere in every street there's a motorcycle. There motorcycles around the world. Tai do you know how the history of the emergence or diciptakanya a motorcycle?? Just like the first car in the world, the world's first motorcycle was born in Germany. Gottlieb Daimler and his partner, Wilhelm Maybach, two German experts four-stroke engine, which created the world's first motorcycle.

In 1885, Daimler pair of small-sized four-stroke engine on a wooden bicycle. Machines placed in the middle (between the front and rear wheels) and connected by chain to the rear wheels.
Wooden motorized bicycle was named Reitwagen (riding car) and is the world's first motorcycle. Maybach try Reitwagen distance of 3 miles along the River Neckar, from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim, with a speed of 12 kilometers per hour.
At that time, Reitwagen not sold to the public. Installation of engine on the wooden bike is a series of experiments carried out by Daimler and Maybach, before attaching the four-stroke engine in the carriage, which became the forerunners of the birth of the car.
1893, the first motorcycle sold to the public is made by motorcycle manufacturers Hildebrand und Wolfmüller in Munich, Germany. These motorcycles do not use chains. Rear wheels are driven directly by the crankshaft (crankshaft).
The motorcycle is owned by John C. Potter, the first sugar mill machinist Oemboel, Probolinggo, East Java, in 1893. He ordered his own bike directly into the factory in Munich. John Potter was recorded as the first person who has a motorcycle in Indonesia, which at that time still under the Dutch occupation, and called the Dutch East Indies (Nederlands Indie).
Motorbikes first entry into the United States in 1895 when a French circus performer brought him to New York. Mentioned, in the same year, a United States inventor, EJ Pennington, in Milwaukee, demonstrate self-designed motorcycle. Pennington said that he's motorcycle design can be driven with a speed of 93 kilometers per hour, and he is regarded as the first person who introduced the term motorcycle (motorcycle).
The largest producer
1895, British bicycle manufacturer, Triumph, decided to also make motorcycles. For that, buy a motorcycle Triumph und Hildebrand Wolfmüller and learn how to make it. Four years later, 1902, the company produced the first motorcycle, a Belgian-made Minerva engine. In 1905, Triumph motorcycles in full production itself, which bears the three PK-powered engine and maximum speed of 72 kilometers per hour.
1903, William S. Harley and his friend, Arthur Davidson, producing motorcycles in Milwaukee, United States, and call it a Harley Davidson motorcycle. In 1904, another U.S. company, Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company, located in Springfield, Massachusetts, emerged with Single Indian motorcycle.
Just as Triumph, in 1906, another British firm, BSA, which stands for Birmingham Small Arms, manufactures motorcycle engines by using Minerva, before making machines with a capacity of 350 cc, 500 cc and 595 cc of his own.
Until World War I (1914-1918), Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company is a motorcycle manufacturer with production of the largest in the world. After World War I, his position was taken over by the Harley-Davidson until 1928, when his position was taken over by DKW (Germany). Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company closed in 1953 and the Indian brand was taken over by Royal Enfield.
In 1921, BMW motorcycle engine configuration comes with a 2-cylinder horizontally opposed (boxer) who is placed in a single crankcase made of aluminum. BMW rear-wheel drive with Koppel (shaft drive).
In the 1930s there were about 80 motorcycle brands in the UK, including Norton, Triumph, AJS, and other brands that are not so famous, like New Gerrard, NUT, SOS, Chell and Whitwood.
The development of motorcycles in Europe, among others, also triggered by World War II (1939-1945), where motorcycles were made for military purposes. And, at that time, BSA makes 126,000 M20 motorcycles to the British Armed Forces.
After World War II, in 1946, the Italian designer, Piaggio, Vespa scooter introduced and immediately attract the attention of the world. In 1946 also, the Italian radio equipment manufacturer, Ducati, making the engine 50 cc, Cucciolo, which is attached to a motorcycle. Cucciolo capacity was later reproduced, starting from 60, 65, 98, to 125 cc.
In 1949, Honda manufactures motorcycles Dream or Model D, who holds a two stroke engine with a capacity of 1998 cc. However, the sound of two stroke engines are noisy and sharp-smelling smoke coming out of the exhaust makes the Honda four-stroke engine develops. Three years later, 1951, Honda produces motorcycles that bear the four-stroke engine, the Dream E, with a capacity of 146 cc.
In 1951, the BSA Group (UK) bought Triumph Motorcycles and become the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world. The position of BSA was taken over by the NSU (Germany) in 1955. However, since the 1970s until now, Honda is noted as the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world.
In 1952, Honda produces motorcycle known as a cub. This type of duck motorcycle so popular that his model was imitated by a Japanese motorcycle makers, such as Kawasaki, Yamaha, and Suzuki.
In 1955, Suzuki manufactures motorcycles bearing the engine capacity 125 cc, four stroke, and 1 cylinder. However, 10 years later, Suzuki also spread to two stroke engines, which is a specialty.
In 1955, Yamaha YA-1 production, which bears the motorcycle two stroke engine with a capacity of 125 cc. In 1970, 15 years later, Yamaha XS-1 is produced bearing the four-stroke engine with a capacity of 650 cc, in the configuration V.
Kawasaki emerged somewhat later. New Kawasaki produced the first motorcycle, B8, in 1961. Kawasaki motorcycle output was carrying two stroke engine with a capacity of 125 cc. In 1973 or 12 years later, producing Kawasaki Z1 Kawasaki, who holds a four-stroke engine with a capacity of 900 cc.
The figure of an attractive, reliable engine and easy to maintain, as well as competitive prices make motorcycles of Japanese origin, namely Honda, Suzuki, Yamaha, and Kawasaki, are very popular and until now dominated the world motorcycle market.
However, the names of Harley Davidson motorcycles remains a popular, particularly in the United States. Likewise, BMW, Triumph, and Ducati.
In 2006, the Dutch company EVA Products BV Holland announced the presence of commercial diesel motorcycles that first, Track T-800CDI. Bearing the motorcycle 800 cc diesel engine, 3 cylinder, made Daimler. However, companies other motorcycle makers, including Royal Enfield, also produces diesel-powered motorcycle, at least since 1965.
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The discovery history of diesel engines

Rudolf Diesel (born in Paris, France, March 18, 1858 - died 30 September 1913 at age 55 years) was a German inventor, famous for his invention, diesel engine, He was born in Paris and died mysteriously at the ferry boat on its way to England.
Diesel developed the idea of ​​an engine compression drivers in the last decade of the 19th century and received a patent for the device on February 23, 1893. He built a working prototype in early 1897 while working at the MAN factory in Augsburg.
Diesel engines are also named in honor of his services. Originally, he was named "engine oil".
Rudolf Diesel was born with the full name of Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel was born on March 18, 1858 in Paris, France, German family of leather craftsmen. Since
childhood, he dekenal as a genius. At about the age of 20 years, in 1870, Diesel was awarded a bronze medal from the Société Pour L'Instruction Elémentaire, over several cemerlang.Tetapi his scientific work which, in the same year, Diesel family was forced to leave Paris because the French government's new policy was about foreign immigrants. Diesel father failed to obtain permission settled in France. They left and moved to London, England. Only a minute there, then leave alone Rudolf to Augsburg, Germany, to attend school and live with his uncle and aunt who also taught there as a teacher in Gewerbsschule. Soon after the Franco-German War broke out.
In 1872, Rudolf became known and recognized as a potential mechanical reliability. He completed his school in Gewerbsschule as one of the best graduates, and then proceed to the Technical University (Polytechnic Institute), Munich. German-French War was over and for the first time he can get together and reunited with his family in Paris.
Unfortunately, Rudolf can not take the final exam scholarship, in 1879 as suffering from an attack of dengue fever. However, during the lecture in Munich, he carved many brilliant achievements, among others, in 1878, along with their professor, succeeded in designing a blueprint for the steam engine with the highest efficiency that never existed until then. He also began to write several papers and published to the public. Immediately after recovery, Rudolf instead chose to work as a mechanic at the company Sulzer in Winterthour, developing ice-making machine.
Finally in 1880, Rudolf successfully completed the final test as a mechanical engineer undergraduate, graduate and become the best ever produced by the Munich Polytechnic Institute throughout its history up to now. After graduating, he decided to move settled in Paris and founded a branch of an ice making machine there. He was even willing to work without pay. However, a year later, 1881, the company appointed him director of the factory in Paris, this year he first met with Heinrich Buz, Director of Machinery Augsburger, and they agreed to test and develop a system of machining pembuas ice nodes. That same year Rudolph received his first patent certificate for invention produces klareis in the bottle.
In 1883, Rudolf began to build a large ice factory in Paris. A year later, ammonia engine development plan began. 1886, its factories spread its wings into Belgium. In 1887, the notion of ammonia absorption machine for medium-scale enterprises started to materialize. At this time Rudolf prove the theory of electromagnetic waves at high rotation per second. In 1889, Rudolf follow industrial engineering exhibition in Paris, showing off an ice maker and refrigeration. Rudolf then give a public lecture at an international congress on applied machines. She received applause and the company immediately offered him a contract of employment Lindes based in Berlin since 1890.First Diesel Engine
In 1892, Rudolf received a patent for his invention of the workings of internal combustion engine (internal combustion engine). Rudolf immediately start the project to develop what is known as dekmudian day diesel engines. And on August 10, 1893, Rudolf was succeeded in realizing his dream of the creation of the world's first diesel engine. Above findings, he get a patent numbered 608,845. In the same year published his book entitled "Theory and Construction of A Rational Heat Engine for Substitution of the Steam Engines and That Today Admitted Combustion Engines", the publisher Springer, Berlin. At the same time, Rudolf signed a contract with Augusburger, Krupp, and Sulzer, he publishes the next book, "The Theory og Nachtraege for the Diesel Engine".
Early prototype engine exhibited at the Chicago Fair, the United States and a considerable acclaim. He continued his experiments. In 1895, the Commission adopted the Patent Rights that the machine was working fine creations. He moved to Munich, in 1896. Until the beginning of next year (1897), he completed the advanced planning findings with a four-step engine (4 stroke). But the company tries to match it Deutz AG. Rudolf Krupp support that eventually led to an agreement between Deutz, Krupp and Augsburger to help Rudolf perform a series of final follow-up experiment to tune the engine findings.
That year was a busy year for Rudolf. He traveled to Scotland, then to Paris to make a single aircraft, signed a contract with Adolphus-shrubs, and then demonstrate the machines in public examples in Augsburg. Then memeberi public lecture in Kassel, inaugurated the diesel engine community association in Paris, but also faces a lawsuit over patent rights by Emil Captaine. Even had time to experience a loss in laboratory trials. However, diesel engine factory in Augsburg ultimately can be built in 1898. Four examples of initial production engines immediately on display in Munich's botanical Pekar and he successfully completed the first diesel engine with a compressor for the company Deutz AG. The temptation to come again. He had masu mental hospital in Neuwittelsbach, Munich. But the first diesel engine plant in America was completed that year. Trial came on. In the following year 1899 the first factory in Augsburg was closed for failing to achieve the target production amount. But that year also the first diesel engines used in oil drilling field in Gailizien. He fell ill more frequently.
then in the 20th century, precisely in 1900, the first diesel engine plant in London was inaugurated. Demonstration engine at the Paris Fair special attention and get the main prize. Because the more often ill, she moved to a fresh settlement in Munich in 1901. While plenty of rest, he wrote and published a new book is more philosophical than technical, entitled "Solidarismus: natürliche wirtschaftliche Erlösung der Menschen", in 1903, which show clearly the attitude and basically view as a genius engineer who also care about the issues social and environmental. Two years later, 1905, diesel engines began to be used as a railway engine. And peak performance in 1910 when he appeared at the Paris Fair in diesel engine design that powered by peanut oil fuel and oil marijuana. Two years later (1912) when the speech received a patent on these new machines, dinia noted that peling historic statement about the future of the engine running with vegetable oil fuel is biodiesel which is now known as "Der Gebrauch von Pflanzenöl unbedeuntend heute als sein mag Krafstoff . Aber derartige Produkte können im Laufe der Zeit werden wie wichtig obenso Petroleum diese und Kohle-Teer-Produkte von heute. " (Use vegetable oil as fuel for the moment seem insignificant, but in time Nati will be important as petroleum and coal products tir-present). Diesel engine was improved again by Ludwig Elsbett.
Rudolf Diesel died mysteriously and horribly in the English Channel, in 1913, fell and drowned under mysterious circumstances. Till now not known with certainty because the incident was a tragic accident.

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History of the discovery of X-ray

X-rays were first discovered by German physicist Wilhelm C. Roentgen on November 8, 1895. At that Roentgen work using tubes.
Crookes in his lab at the University of Wurzburg. He observed a green glow on the tube which previously attracted the attention of Crookes. Roentgen then try to close the tube with black paper in the hope that no visible light can pass. But after closing it turns out there is still something that can pass. Roentgen-ray Concluding that there are invisible rays that can break through the black paper.
At the time of Roentgen turn the power source cathode ray tubes for research, he found that there is a kind of fluorescent light on the screen that made daribar ium platino cyanida who happened to be nearby. If the power source turned off, the light glow is gone. Roentgen quickly realized that some kind of invisible rays that have emerged from the cathode ray tube.
Because never before known, then the ray is given the name X-rays. But to appreciate his services in this invention, there is often X-rays were also called Roentgen rays. We call it the X-ray beam
Green flame seen by Crookes, and Roentgen rays finally known that it was none other than light waves emitted by glass walls on the tube when electrons hit the wall, as a result of the dismantling of electricity through the gas remaining in the tube. At the same time it stimulates the atomic electrons in the glass to release the electromagnetic waves are very short wavelengths in the form of X-rays. Since then physicists have known that X-rays can be produced when an electron with a very high-speed crash into atoms.
Tempted by an accidental discovery, the investigation focused on the Roentgen X-rays. From the investigation that he get that X-rays to casting various kinds of chemicals. X-rays can also penetrate various materials that can not be penetrated by ordinary visible light that is already known at the time. In addition, Roentgen also could see the shadow of his hand bone on a fluorescent screen by placing a hand between cathode ray tubes and screens. From the results of subsequent investigation found that X-rays are propagating traveling straight and is not deflected by either electric field or magnetic field. For the services in finding and studying the Roentgen X-rays, then in 1901 he was awarded the Nobel Prize Physics Division for the first time given in this field. The discovery of X-rays were able to deliver to the occurrence of a fundamental change in medicine. In the normal medical, X-rays can be used for diagnosis and therapy. With the discovery of X-rays, the information about the human body became easily available without the need to perform surgical operations.
X-rays can be formed when charged particles such as electrons by atomic nuclei style influences material decelerates. X-ray which is nothing but an electromagnetic wave that is formed through a process called X-ray bremsstrahlung. X-rays are formed in this way has the highest energy equal to the kinetic energy of charged particles at the time of the slowdown.
If initially there is a beam of electrons moving into the material with the same kinetic energy, electrons may interact with atoms of that at the time and place vary. Therefore, the next electron beam usually consists of electrons that have kinetic energy is different. When in a time of slowdown and cause X-rays, X-rays that occur generally has an energy that varies according to the kinetic energy of electrons at the time of formation of X-rays and also depend on the direction they emit.
X-ray beam that is formed is very low-energy according to energyelectrons at the time cause X-rays, but there are almost equal-energy electron kinetic energy when the electrons enter the material. It said X-ray beam that is formed through this process have nirfarik energy spectrum. X-rays can also be formed in the process of moving electrons from atoms to higher energy levels leading to a lower energy level, for example, in the process of advanced photoelectric effect. X-rays formed in this way has the same energy with the energy difference between the two levels of energy-related. Because this energy is typical for each type of atom, light is formed in this process is called the characteristic X-rays, X-ray group thus has farik energy. X-ray characteristics that arise by migration of electrons from one energy level to the trajectory k, called the X-ray K lines, while leading to the trajectory l, and so on. Bremsstrahlung X-rays can be produced through the plane X-rays or particle accelerators.
Basically, the X-ray machine consists of three main parts, namely X-ray tube, high voltage source which distribute electrical voltage on both electrodes in the X-ray tube, and the regulator unit. Part X-ray machine which is the source of radiation is X-ray tube. In plane X-ray tube is usually made of glass materials have filaments which act as cathode and a target that acts as an anode. Plane X-ray tube made vacuum for electrons originating from the filament is not hindered by air molecules in its journey toward the anode. Filament in the Heat by low-voltage electric current (If) a source of electrons. If the bigger the filament current, filament temperature will be higher and result in more and more electrons are released per unit time.
Electrons are released by the filaments drawn to the anode by a potential difference large or high voltage between cathode and anode units supplied by high voltage source (potential cathode few dozen to several hundred kV or MV lower than the anode potential), these electrons hit the material generally target atomic number and high liquid drip (eg tungsten) and there bremsstrahlung process. Especially in high-energy particle accelerator or a few electrons, accelerated particles can be somewhat distorted and smashed into a wall, giving rise to bremsstrahlung on the wall. Potential difference or voltage between two electrodes determines the maximum energy of X-rays are formed, while the X-ray flux depends on the number of electrons per unit time that reach the anode of the last field is called a flow tube It is of course dependent on the filament current It. However, within certain limits, the tube voltage can also affect the flow tube. Flow tube in a plane X-ray systems are usually only have this level of magnitude in the milliampere (mA), in contrast to the large filament current in amperes level.


X-rays can be produced by a set of tools that desebut plane X-ray X-ray machine is widely used in the health sector for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and in industry, among others, for radiography. X-rays were first discovered by German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen on November 8, 1895. At that Roentgen work using Crookes tube in his lab at the University of Wurzburg.
The process of making images of human anatomy with X-rays can be performed on the surface of photographic film. Images are formed because of differences in the intensity of X-rays on the film surface after the absorption of some X-rays by any part of the human body. The body's absorption of X-rays depends strongly on the content of the elements that exist in the organ. Human bones that are dominated by elements of Ca has a high ability to absorb X-rays. Because absorption is the X-rays that pass through the bone will give the shadow image on a different movie than the shadow image of the organs that contain only air as the lungs ato water as soft tissue in general.

source : http://www.sman1liwa.sch.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61:sejarah-penemuan-sinar-x-serta-cara-kerjanya&catid=43:artikel-guru&Itemid=41

Facebook history

Facebook is a social networking recently pioneered in 2006 by a Harvard student named Mark Zuckerberg. Mark Elliot Zuckerberg or Mark Zuckerberg was born born on May 14, 1984 in Dobbs Ferry, Westchester County, New York, United States (U.S.).
The idea started when he attended Exeter High School, New HampshireSaat why he became acquainted with Adam D'Angelo. Zuckerberg graduate and attended Harvard University, initially making Coursematch program that allows students in the same class can see a list of classmates. The next project to make facemash.com. Through this site visitors can stamp "cool" or "bad" photo of a student, and make Zuckerberg called by the Administrative Board of Harvard University because it is considered breaking into the campus computer security systems, break the rules on Internet privacy, and copyright infringement.

He therefore producing an up and launch in 2004. In a short time two thirds of Harvard students so the user up. Roommates, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hugh, dberhasil develop wings to the University of Stanford, Columbia, Yale, Ivy College, and several other schools in the Boston area. In a short time, they launched up to 30 schools.

Moskovitz and Zuckerberg along with some other friends moved to Palo Alto, California, summer 2004 vacation small rented house for the office. Therefore want to do up with serious they left Harvard. In his office that's Zuckerberg met Peter Thiel, founder of Paypal, which give us fresh fund of U.S. $ 500,000, is the first investor so they can move to a bigger office at the University Avenue is named as the office "Urban Campus"On August 23, 2005 Zuckerberg buy the domain facebook.com from Aboutface Corporation valued at U.S. $ 200,000, or about Rp 1.86 billion. On 2 September 2005, Zuckerberg launched Facebook site specifically for kids high school. Only within 15 days since its launch, most schools in the U.S. already a member. at the end of 2005, Facebook has covered about 2,000 campuses and 25,000 high schools in the U.S., Canada, UK, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland.
On February 27, 2006, he began to allow the students who become this site's users to add high school students as friends. BusinessWeek, spread the news that Zuckerberg was negotiating with potential buyers up. But, finally, he rejected the offer that was mentioned is worth U.S. $ 750 million or around Rp 6.97 trillion. The reason, Zuckerberg thought the price was too cheap. At that time, he estimated value of up to U.S. $ 2 billion.
In April 2006, the first investor of this site, namely Peter Thiel, Greylock Partners, and Meritech Capital Partners, increase investment in Facebook by depositing funds of U.S. $ 25 million. Up were entered into India through the Indian Institute of Technology and Indian Institute of Management.
He also provides the facility up Notes. This new feature is a blogging feature that allows users to provide tagging, inserting images, and other features. In addition, users can import a blog from the site Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger and other blogging sites. Thanks to these new features, readers can comment on posts that users loaded up. September 2006, Zuckerberg opened the service up for all Internet users. However, this step is actually drawn protests from the users and loyal customers. As a result, two weeks ago was forced to fix up the new service by opening registration for Internet users who have a mailing address or e-mail that clear.
Peter Thiel, predicts revenue this site later in 2015 could reach U.S. $ 1 billion. Well, at that time, the company was going to go sky-rocketing to around U.S. $ 8 billion. There is also a free classifieds ads on Facebook. Feature called up the Marketplace was launched on May 14, 2007. These new services also directly be a competitor of other online companies. Craigslist who had already been placing classified ads on its site. Zuckerberg also becoming business flowing smoothly. In fact, Apple is willing to extend cooperation with up to display examples of iTunes music.
Up buying Parakey Inc. company., From Blake Ross and Joe Hewitt, in July 2007. Parakey is a manufacturer of computer applications that facilitate the transfer of data in the form of text, images, and videos to a site on the internet. Bill Gates, in October 2007 to buy 1.6% stake in Facebook for U.S. $ 240 million. The reason, Zuckerberg did not intend to sell all the shares up at once. The reason is simple and very noble, he wants up to remain independent.
On 7 November 2007, the site launched a new service in the form of advertising with a system called Facebook Beacon. Squillionaires Hong Kong, Li Ka-shing, interested to invest their money worth U.S. $ 60 million in up on November 30, 2007.
Now the number of employees alone has reached 400 people. However, Facebook is a unique company. executives and top brass are still young, between 24 years-37 years. Headquarters up more like a student dormitory. The employees, who every day gets a free meal, to work while doing her favorite activity. There are playing guitar, bicycling, playing the control plane, or swaying accompanied by music blends a disc jockey (DJ). They also do not need to dress neatly. Shorts and flip-flops is their favorite costumes in the office. Zuckerberg claimed to be averse office atmosphere that is too formal.
Although able to accumulate wealth to U.S. $ 3 billion, or around Rp 27.9 trillion Zuckerberg still appear as it is, like most young men who enjoyed casual wear.

Blues music history

Blues is known as a vocal and instrumental music stream originating from the United States (U.S.). The music began to grow rapidly in the 19th century AD comes from spiritual music and chanted the usual compliment of black African communities in the U.S.. Music that applying the blue notes and the pattern of call and response that the U.S. public believed popularized by 'Mr Blues'-WC Handy (1873-1958).

Would you believe that Blues music is rooted in Muslim tradition Initially, the public in the country, Uncle Sam did not believe it. However, a writer and scientist and researcher at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in New York, Sylviane Diouf, managed to convince the public that the Blues have a relationship with the tradition of Muslim societies in West Africa
.
To prove the links between American blues music with Muslim tradition, Diouf play two recordings. The first diperdengarkannya to the public who were present in a room at Harvard University is the rebound prayer-call for Muslims to prayer pilgrimage. After that, Diouf plays Levee Camp Holler.
The second recording is the old blues song that first appeared in the Mississippi Delta about 100 years ago. Levee Camp Holler is not a blues song is fairly common. The song was created by the black community of West African Muslim origin who worked in the post-Civil War America.
Levee Camp Holler lyrics of the song that was played Diouf it sounded like a voice call to prayer-include the glory of God. Like the call to prayer rebound, the song emphasizes the words that sound vibrates. According to Diouf, nasal style that between Levee Cam Holler Blues songs similar call to prayer also was evidence of linkage between the two.
Public who were present in the room was also amazed with the truth revealed evidence Diouf. "The applause was thunderous, because the relationship between American blues music with Muslim tradition is clearly evident," said Diouf. "They said, 'Wow, really sound the same. Blues was really rooted in there (Islamic tradition) '. "
Jonathan Curiel in his writings titled, Muslim Roots, U.S. Blues, revealed that the American public need to thank the Muslims from West Africa who live in America. Around the year 1600 until mid 1800 AD, many black residents of West Africans forcibly brought to America and made slaves.
According to historians, about 30 percent of West African slaves who were forcibly employed in the United States that are Muslim. "Although the master was forced to embrace Christianity, but many slaves from Africa were still running the Islamic religion and culture came from," said Curiel.
They still sing the verses of the Koran every day. However, history also notes that Muslim sailors from West Africa were the first to discover the Americas before Columbus. "Needless to say, the Muslims have been historically influential in the evolution of American society a few centuries before Christopher Columbus found it," said Fareed H. Numan in the American Muslim History A Chronological Observation.
Curiel added, other influences are given a religious community of black Muslims in America to Blues music is the musical instruments they can play. In the era of slavery in America, whites ban them for drumming, for fear that would foster the spirit of resistance of the slaves.
However, the use of stringed instrument usually played by Muslims from Africa are still allowed to play because it is considered similar to a violin. Professor of Ethnomusikologi from Mainz University, Germany, named Professor Gehard Cubic said the American banjo music instruments also come from Africa.
In particular, Prof. Cubic write a book about his relationship with Blues music of Islamic civilization in West Africa entitled, Africa and the Blues, published by University Press of Mississippi in 1999. "I'm sure many Blues singers today who do not realize that their sound patterns imitate musical traditions of the Muslims in Arabic" he said.
In academic Prof Cubic has proven it. "Blues singer vocal style mostly using melisma, wavy intonation. Vocal style as it is the heritage of the communities in West Africa who have been in contact with the Islamic world since the 7th century and 8 M, "he explained. Melisma use a lot of tone in one syllable.
Meanwhile, wavy intonation is a series of switches from major to minor scale and back again. It is very commonly used when the Muslim call to prayer and reading the Koran chanted. With that fact, said Prof. Cubic, researchers should acknowledge that Blues music is rooted in Islamic traditions that flourished in West Africa.
Although it has been proven academically, but still there are many who do not acknowledge the influence of African traditions of Muslim communities in Blues music. "Non-Muslims are very difficult to believe that fact, because they do not have enough knowledge about the Islamic civilization and Islamic music," says Barry Danielian, a trumpeter who performed with Paul Simon, Natalie Cole and Tower of Power.
Voice call to prayer and reflection Quranic verses commonly sung by black Muslims in America contains musicality. "In my congregation, says Danielian who lives in Jersey City, New Jersey, 'When we got together and the priest came there were hundreds of people and we chanted prayers, certainly sounds very musical. You will hear a musical is like an American called the Blues. '"That's the Islamic tradition in the U.S. has spawned a stream of music called Blues

Discovery history stethoscope

A doctor usually using a stethoscope. With this tool, it can analyze the patient's disease of the sounds detected through the stethoscope is placed on the patient's body.
But, did you know that the tool was originally created from a difficulty? stethoscope was invented by a doctor named René Théophile Hyacinthe Laennec. he found it difficult to detect heart rate of patients without the tools. For that, he rolled up the paper which is then placed on the patient's body to enlarge the sound pulse.


One time, Rene Leonardo da Vinci thought of the statement. Leonardo said that the timber can be used as media to enlarge a low voice. From that statement, he then tried to use wood to solve the difficulty hear the pulse of the patient.
Through various experiments, in 1819 Rene succeeded in creating the first generation stethoscope that is named Baton. The shape is a hollow cylindrical pipe made of wood with a length of 5.9 inches or 15 centimeters. The device is attached to the patient's body and the edges be heard at the doctor's ear. Baton form later developed into a glass or hourglass-shaped pipe with a length of 15 to 22.5 centimeters. Thanks to advances in technology, in the 19th century stethoscope was developed with rubber and aluminum.
Later, Rene invention perfected by Nicholas P Comins in 1829. He created a stethoscope that allows one to hear the pulse with both ears. This is the stethoscope that we know the present form.
Rene and Nicholas this invention can be regarded as the invention that changed the world. Therefore, the stethoscope has become a kind of tool required to analyze the patient's disease. Once again, this is evidence that the presence of difficulties, if addressed by the policy, will give birth to innovations that benefit others.
so in this stethoscope invention requires a lot of struggle, imagine if he did not find this tool. want to be like what a doctor present.
thank you,,,,,,,,,,
keep the spirit and good luck,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Prambanan temple history

In Indonesia there is the biggest Hindu heritage in the region of Central Java and Yogyakarta Special Region, located approximately 17 kilometers east of Yogyakarta city. Prambanan is the enshrinement with the main temple complex facing east, with the overall shape resembles a mound at 47 meters tall puppet.
Hinduism knows the Tri-Murti, which consists of Brahmins as the Creator god, the god Vishnu as the Preserver and Lord Shiva as the Destroyer.


The main chamber of the main temple complex of Prambanan temple was occupied by Lord Shiva as Mahadeva so it can be concluded that the Shiva temple Prambanan mreupakan.
Prambanan Temple or Shiva temple is also often referred to as Roro Jonggrang temple, associated with the legend that tells about a virgin who Jonggrang or a tall girl, putrid King (King, who in the Java language is often called the Queen), Boko, who built his empire on the hill sebalah South Prambanan temple complex.
The banks of the temple is restricted by a fence ledge, which is decorated with reliefs of Ramayana can be enjoyed when we berperadaksina (walking around the temple with a central temple is always on our right) through the corridor. The story continues on the balustrade of Brahma temple located on the left (south) of the main temple. 'm On the fence langakn Vishnu temple located on the right (north) of the main temple, carved reliefs depicting the story Kresnadipayana Prabu Krishna's childhood story as a manifestation (incarnation), the god Vishnu in combat keangkaramurkaan who want to hit the world.
Room overlooking the main temple contains the statue towards the North of Durga, consort of Lord Shiva, but generally people call it a statue of Roro Jonggrang, who according to legend, the stone statue before the body of purti beautiful life, which was condemned by Bondowoso knight, to complement its ability to create a thousand statues in one night.










Temple of Brahma and Vishnu temple which has now been completed restoration each only have 1 fruit stall occupied by statues of the gods in question.

The third front of the temple of the god Trine there are three temples which contain vehicle (vehicle) is the third god. All of them has now been restored and the only temple in the middle (in front of Shiva temple) which still contains a statue of a bull named Nandi, Lord Shiva vehicle. Swan statue senagai vehicle garuda statue of Brahma and Vishnu as the vehicle is expected to fill the chambers of the temple which is located in front of the god's temple, has now been restored.
Sixth temple represent 2 groups facing each other, located on a page of a square, with edges along 110 meters.
Inside the pages are still standing other temples, the temple clamps 2 pieces with a height of 16 meters of each other, which is a stand in the north and the other on the South, 4 color temples and 4 corner temples.
Changes in the Hindu community regarded as the most sacred page, located in the middle of the central courtyard which has sides 222 meters, and at first temple-chapel contains as many as 224 pieces in rows around hfalaman in 3 rows.
Outside the central courtyard is still there outside the pages of a rectangular with sides along the 390-meter.
Prambanan temple complex built by the Kings Wamca (Diansty) Sanjaya in the 9th century and is now a tourist attraction which can be visited every day between the hours of 6:00 to 18:00 pm. Prambanan temple complex is located only a few hundred yards from the highway Yogya-Solo a crowded public transport pass.

History of Inventions and Innovations Radio

The history of invention and innovation following the radio I quoted from various sources, including Wikipedia. It feels less afdol when we mengdengarkan radio every day but do not know the origin of the radio itself.
Radio is a technology used for signal transmission and modulation by electromagnetic radiation (electromagnetic waves). This wave passes and travel by air and can also travel through the vacuum of space, because this wave does not require the carrier medium (such as air molecules).

Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation, and is formed when electrically charged objects is modulated (increased frequency) at frequencies contained in the radio frequency (RF) in an electromagnetic spectrum. These radio waves are in the range of 10 hertz (Hz) to several gigahertz (GHz), and electromagnetic radiation moves by way of oscillating electric and magnetic.
Other electromagnetic waves, which have frequencies above the radio waves include gamma rays, X-rays, infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light. When the radio waves transmitted through the cable, the oscillation of electric and magnetic fields are expressed in the form of alternating current and voltage on the cable. This can then be converted into an audio signal or any other that carries information.
Although the word 'radio' is used for matters relating to the receiver of sound waves, but wave transmission is used as the basis of the wave on television, radio, radar and cell phones in general.
Basic theory of electromagnetic wave propagation was first described in 1873 by James Clerk Maxwell in his paper at the Royal Society about the dynamics of electromagnetic field theory (in English: A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field), based on the results of her research work between 1861 and 1865.
In 1878, David E. Hughes was the first to transmit and receive radio waves when he found that the induction balance caused disruption to phone product. He demonstrated his discovery to the Royal Society in 1880 but only say it was just an induction.
Is Heinrich Rudolf Hertz who, between 1886 and 1888, the first time to prove Maxwell's theory through experiment, demonstrating that radio radiation had all the wave properties (now called Hertzian waves), and found that the electromagnetic equations can be formulated into a partial differential equation called the wave equation.
Many of the early use of the maritime radio, for sending telegraphic messages using Morse code between ships and land. One of the early users included the Japanese Navy spy on the Russian fleet at the Battle of Tsushima in 1901. One use of the most memorable was at the time of the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912, including communications between operators on a sinking ship and nearby ships, and communication to ground stations to register the saved.
Radio used to channel commands and communications between the Army and Navy on both sides in World War II, Germany uses radio communications for diplomatic messages when the underwater cable is cut by the British. United States convey Fourteen Principal President Woodrow Wilson to Germany via radio during the war.
Press start to be done in the 1920s, with the popularity of radio, especially in Europe and the United States. In addition to the broadcast, broadcast point-to-point, including phone and re-broadcast radio program, became popular in the 1920s and the 1930s.
Role Marconi
World of radio innovation record the names Guglielmo Marconi, the inventor of radio. He was born in Bologna, Italy, April 25, 1874. His father, Giuseppe Marconi authentic Italian farmer and his mother, Annie Jameson is the son of the owner of Daphne Castle in Ireland, who was signed as a British territory. He went to Bologna, Florence, and Leghorn.
Since childhood he was interested in working Maxwell, Hertz, Righi, until the Lodge. In the age of 21 years, 1895, he made a laboratory in his father's house, in Pontecchio. He conducted research about radio waves - when it referred to as "Hertzian Waves" - to send a telegraph signal. It was only through the telegraph wires. He has managed to send a telegraph signal for a distance of about 2 kilometers. Findings radio practically in the doorway so he asked for the support of Post and Telegraph Department of Italian. But the bureaucrats are not interested in Italy, even closing the door for him.
Marconi did not despair, a year later he contacted the British Postal Service. William Preece, chief engineer Postal Service England, Marconi was willing to meet with him and who later came to showcase his creations radio capability on the plains of Salisbury and, later, across the Bristol Channel. Preece was impressed, and eventually founded the company Marconi Wireless Telegraph & Signal The Company Limited in 1897, which later transforms into Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company Limited.
In two years, 1899, he has built a radio between France and Britain, followed later between the U.S. and Britain.
Over a decade until 1912, he patented a number of findings to improve the radio system he created. In 1909 he received the Nobel Prize in physics.
In 1914, Marconi was called into the Italian Army. He became a diplomat Italy to America in 1917.
Once the government no longer part of Italy, he returned to the laboratory. By World War II, in 1935, he demonstrated the latest findings, namely Radar. Two years later, July 20, 1937, Marconi died in Rome.
Role Howard
Edwin Howard Armstrong was recorded as the inventor of FM radio. He was born on December 18, 1890 in New York City. His father was publisher of books and his mother a teacher. At the age of 14 years, Armstrong read a book written by Marconi telegraph. He was very impressed with Marconi, just that he wanted to improve the creation Marconi radio. So Armstrong had intended to make clear-voiced radio while making their own radio station at his home. To that end, Armstrong entered the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at Columbia University. He graduated and became a great teacher and electrical engineer.
In 1912, Armstrong managed to make a regenerative circuit and feedback circuit. He also studied a hollow tube made of De Forest, who named trioda and audion. Later, Armstrong combines its discovery, with a hollow tube made of De Forest. The results of the exit tube sound a thousand times more clear.
Unfortunately, De Forest's invention is considered his property. They fight the copyright, for 14 years in court. Finally, De Forest becomes the winner, because judges do not understand the science of electricity. But scientists still think Armstrong was the inventor of the circuit and FM radio. He was awarded the Franklin Medal and was nicknamed "Father of Circuit". On February 1, 1954, Armstrong died in New York. He was synchronized with the old inventor, in the field of electricity such as Amphere and Bell.
Hopefully Helpful. .......

Thank You. ...............

Dangdut history

Dangdut is a kind of popular music INDONESIA. Almost all the people familiar with dangdut. Dangdut with a full rhythm musicnya drum and fife. For some people dangdut music is considered tacky. Heheheheh, I also do not know why???? Please read my article about dangdut ... ... ..

 

Mengistilahkan as grass-roots music in this genre reveals how dangdut inseparable part of Indonesian society. Dangdut closer to the socio cultural life of the underprivileged people is a principle that is absolutely on hold by the majority of our society. When Americans come to the Pub, then asked, â € œwhats music of ur country? Â €??, You can not possibly answer, Hip hop, Pop, or Reggae,
unless there is pride in the liver, or brain, you tilted half sane. And he said, â € œdangdut is the music of my countryâ €??, Clear and effective. Want to or not, well it is. This is if you ber_WNI.
For some, Dangdut still want to be placed on the marginalized position in the country music scene heterogeneity. Somehow, from the outset of this positioning has been trying to grown strong. Missal, dangdut was identical to step on the screen, first films screened at the event sedekahan Rhoma village, or 17an. Dangdut is the music required in the terminals, small stalls five feet up to the dimly lit. Dangdut is suitable for advertising liniment, colds, or service ads masyarakat_KBS_kalangan bottom rung. The majority of capital singers sang dangdut in Bus2, railways, public transportation, Lamongan, or overhang. Even if you like to Dangdut, other friends will smile simpul_sembari laugh. â € œKatro ni people, â €? to borrow a phrase Tukul Arwana.
Dangdut is part of a community theme KBS. This assumption most people, he did not fit are placed or aligned with the type of hip hop, et al who later present in the country music scene. In fact, besides dangdut, you can hear Peterpan, Radja, Dewa, Mariah Carey and even Bob Marley in public toilets, street vendors tradsional market, or massage parlors. Questioned why the grassroots music stereotyping inherent in dangdut obviously charming and inviting a variety of responsibilities. When dangdut only be considered as a genre of music, it's not a problem. Dangdut closer to the lowest strata of the masses is also true. But when discredit dangdut is the music pulses and put him on mock the music position, this problem can also invite trouble. Moreover, the principle holds dangdut is the song for the poor. This is outside the ordinary biasa_luar inconsequential.
Early History
Speaking historically, Dangdut is one of a growing genre of musical art in the country. This musical form rooted in the Malay music in the 1940s. In the evolution to contemporary forms are now entering the influence of Indian music elements (mainly from the use of tabla) and Arabic (on crooked and harmonization). Changes in the flow of Indonesian politics in the late 1960s opened the entry of the strong influence of western music with the inclusion of the use of electric guitar and also a form of marketing. Since the 1970s virtually dangdut has matured in its contemporary. As popular music, dangdut very open to influence of other musical forms, ranging from keroncong, style, gamelan, harp, rock, pop, and even house music.
Mention the name "dangdut" is a sound game onomatope of tabla (drum in the world called dangdut only) a distinctive and is dominated by noise and ndut dang. This name is actually a cynical title in a magazine article the early 1970s to form malay music is very popular among the grassroots.
Contemporary dangdut has been different from its roots, Malay music, though people can still feel his touch. Malay Orchestra (commonly abbreviated as OM, the term is still often used for a dangdut music group) the original use of musical instruments like acoustic guitar, accordion, tambourine, harp, and flute, even a gong. In the 1950s and 1960s, many developing orchestra in Jakarta Malay-orchestra that plays songs from Sumatra Deli Malay (around Medan). At this time the experiment began to enter the entry of Indian elements in Malay music. The development of world cinema at that time and anti-Western politics of President Sukarno becomes fertilizer for these groups. From this time to note the names such as P. Ramlee (of Malaya), Said Effendi (with songs Seroja), Ellya (with the stage like a dancer Indian style), Husein Bawafie Dolls creator of India, Munif Bahaswan, and M. Mashabi (composer score the film "Lamentations Stepchildren" is very popular in the 1970's.)
Musical style of this period still survive until the 1970s, although at that time major changes in the Malay music scene that was driven by a sonnet Group leader Rhoma Irama. Some of the names of the 1970s that can be called is Mansyur S., Ida Laila, A. Rafiq, and Muchsin Alatas. Malay popular music can be seen from the release of several Malay pop album by pop group Shania Twain in his prime.
Modern dangdut, which developed in the early 1970s in line with Indonesian political culture that is friendly to the West, include musical instruments such as the Western modern electric guitar, electric organ, percussion, trumpet, saxophone, oboe, etc. to increase the variation and as land-musicians musician creativity. Mandolin also entered as an important element. Effect of rock (especially the guitar) is very thick felt in the music dangdut. The 1970s were the scene of 'battle' for dangdut music and rock music in the music market seize Indonesia, to have held concerts 'duel' between the sonnet Group and God Bless. Practically since the time of this Malay music has changed, including the pattern of musical business.
In the latter half of the 1970s also developed variations of "dangdut humor" that was driven by OM petromaks Ray Emission (PSP). This orchestra, which departs from the style of music melayu deli, helping dangdut dissemination among the students. This subgenre forwarded, for example, by OM Introduction Drinking Poison (PMR) and, in the early 2000s, by Hope Youth Orchestra Nations (PHB).
Building songs
Although the songs dangdut can receive many other musical elements easily, building mostly very conservative dangdut songs, mostly composed of eight units of measure 4 / 4. Rarely found dangdut songs with time signatures 3 / 4, except in the Malay songs Deli (example: Bird Nuri). Lagu dangdut too poor improvisation, both melody and harmony. As a dance music, dangdut rely heavily on tabla beats and syncope.
Intro can be a vowel or a game without the accompaniment of flute, the rest is play guitar or mandolin. The length can reach eight-bar intro. The initial part consists of eight bars, with or without repetition. If there is repetition, can be interrupted by a line break game. This section is usually lyrical introduction to the content of the song, the situation faced by the singer.
Dangdut song has no chorus standards, but has a second part with building a different melody with the first part. Before entering the second part there are usually two times the eight-bar breaks without lyrics. The second part is usually along the eight-bar twice with one line was interrupted by a pause with no lyrics. At the end of the second part is sometimes found along the four-bar coda. Lyrics to the second part usually contains the consequences of the situation described the first part or the actions taken by the singer to address the situation.
After the second part, the song is repeated full from beginning to end. Dangdut song ends on the first repetition. Rarely dangdut song ends with a fade away.
Interactions with other music
Dangdut is very elastic in the face and affect other forms of music. Western songs popular in the 1960s and the 1970s many of didangdutkan. Kasidah stringed musical genre and slowly drift off into the flow way dangdut music. The same thing happens in music Tarling from Cirebon, so that still exist at the moment is the form of mixtures: tarlingdut.
Rock, pop, disco, house fused with both the music dangdut. Similarly, this also happens with local music like jaipongan, gamelan, Tarling, keroncong, Java style (known as a musical form called mixed juice congdut, with characters Didi Kempot), or zapin.
Easily dangdut receiving element 'foreign' making it vulnerable to other forms of piracy, as is the case against the songs of Bollywood-style films and latin songs. Dangdut coffee, for example, is "pirated" a popular song from Venezuela.Positioning Dangdut
Just like you to shop Padang, If you buy rendang, friends kikil buy one again, can not you then conclude he was eating insipid menu. Nah really logical. Just as with music, if you like dangdut we can not think this music really low. Its only about how to behave in difference!. This is a simple difference. Then because of different lah, no attitude in a fair and proportional to it.
Admittedly, dangdut inseparable from erotic dancing and swaying, like a big polemic culture in Indonesia in 2003 due to his protest against the style Rhoma Irama stage dangdut singer from East Java, Inul Daratista, with its rocking ngebor labeled decadent and "damage morals ". Long before, dangdut has also been invited debate and ended with the banning of the stage in celebration Sekaten dangdut in Yogyakarta. The debate appears again and again due to the style of a stage singer (female) was considered too "open" and low taste, so it does not fit with the mission Sekaten as a religious celebration. Recently, the Indonesian Ulema Council in various areas prohibit some dangdut singers to fill in the event the election.
Dangdut is widely agreed upon as the music that carries the aspirations of lower class society with all its simplicity and kelugasannya. Distinctive feature is reflected in the lyrics and song structure. Stage a sensational style is inseparable from this breath. This phenomenon is becoming one of the low valuation dangdut music.
Speaking of art attractions, the hip hop music, also with easy to find a singer that vulgar, attractions ngedance inviting taste. On the other music we can still see and witness the appearance of a sexy artist abis. Even in some pop or rock music concerts, the audience there is a brawl, to commit murder. Remember concert, music underground in Bandung some time ago that took the lives of young people.
There must be an equation of thought in the assessment of artistic creativity. Equalizing dangdut as music katro and unworthy is the distortion of a work of art. What an injustice deliberately left to grow and develop.Issues Capitalism
Have you ever thought, the concept of image branding on the music dangdut like it is part of a covert campaign outside music producer? Indonesian local music grind for work outside of music, hip hop, rock, reggae, punk, et al were sold in the Indonesian market. Refraction image and planted deliberately in the setting of memory from the outset in Indonesia that the people who named it Katro Dangdut, Ngampung, outdated, not level and so forth. Finally, those artistic looking for alternative entertainment, well end up like that music ..
Not considered lain music bored or indifferent, but this is part of a campaign of love domestic products, boasts its own homeland artwork, proud as an Indonesian. Again, like with music outside no problem, but then discredit dangdut on where it acts not as a nation humiliated and landless water. Adil is in looking at music dangdut.Akhirnyaâ € |
 

Be honest to yourself, even if you do not like to Dangdut, in your tiny heart blood flow actually dangdut. When on a particular event, the singer rocked dangdut, you may also enjoy the rocking strains of the song until he feels cool dancing with friends instantly. Do not be surprised, because it's a natural reaction to normal. That is not dancing, or looking away, at dasarnnya his heart trick. Like it or not, this is fact. In any event entertainment, dangdut certainly participate enliven the situation. Dangdut stage can easily be found in various places. Places of entertainment and special disco play dangdut songs found in many large cities. The radio station broadcast that states itself as "radio dangdut" is also easily found in various kota_heeee_red.
I once had a friend. During his lecture, he did not like and claim to understand the true Roker band players. But after a few years later, when the marriage ceremony. They invite a single organ, the singing dangdut singer, he even sang a song serene cool chips Rhoma Irama for dear wife, also did not seem to sway a number of songs went by, they are soluble in bang dangdut tunes. Fun Not ?.

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Success and Stay spirit,,,,,,,